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Built around 1750, this structure was used as a courthouse for fifty years by the town of Smithfield, which grew up around it. Once typical of courthouses across Virginia, this is one of only four remaining arcaded colonial court buildings. Constructed by William Rand, it features a disctinctive semi-circular apse popular in English churches of the era. When the county seat was moved from Smithfield in 1800, the courhouse became a residence and the arcade was blocked up and the roof changed to a gable. Preaservation Virginia restored the building to its 18th century appearance between 1959 and 1961.